An
“unpreferable” test field for the weapon of absolute destruction
“Two
senior American military figures - General Groves and Admiral Purnell
- were convinced that two atomic bombs dropped within days of the
other would have such an overwhelming impact on the Japanese
government that it would surrender. Scientists at Los Alamos were
also intrigued as to which type of bomb was the better - a uranium or
plutonium based bomb. 'Little Boy' showed its effectiveness at
Hiroshima but another bombing mission was needed to see what damage a
uranium bomb could do.”
“Nagasaki
was a major shipbuilding city and a large military port. But it
was not a favoured target as it had been bombed five times in the
previous twelve months and any damage caused by an atomic bomb would
have been difficult to assess. Also, the way Nagasaki had grown
as a port meant that the impact of a powerful bomb might be
dissipated as the city had grown across hills and valleys. The city
was also broken up with stretches of water. However, fate and the
weather was to be Nagasaki's undoing.”
“By the
time 'Bockscar' got near to its primary target, Kokura, it became
clear that the weather had saved the city. The city was covered by
cloud. Sweeney made three runs over the city but could find not
break. With lack of fuel an issue, he decided to move to his only
other target - Nagasaki. Sweeney only had enough fuel for one run
over the city and not enough to fly back to Tinian. He would have to
land at Okinawa.”
“'Fat
Man' was a very effective bomb. Its blast was bigger than 'Little
Boy's' but its impact was reduced by the natural topography of the
city. Where the bomb blast hit at its peak, massive damage was done.
An area about 2.3 miles by 1.9 miles was destroyed but other parts of
the city were saved from the blast. Curiously, the city's train
service was not interrupted and the fire damage that followed
Hiroshima did not occur in Nagasaki as many parts of the city were
broken up by water. The fires simply could not cross these gaps and
they burned out.”
“However,
considerable damage was done to the city. The horrific injuries
suffered at Hiroshima were also witnessed at Nagasaki. The city's
medical facilities were not totally destroyed by 'Fat Man' as at
Hiroshima - but nobody was capable of coping with those who were
injured in the blast.”
“Death
and injury in Nagasaki and the surrounding areas, depended on where
people lived. Those who lived on the Koba hillside, just three and a
half miles from ground zero, were protected from the blast by a
mountain. People caught up in the blast came to Koba for help and
Fujie Urata, who lived in Koba and had seen a large flash, could not
believe what she was seeing. She described people with great sheets
of skin hanging off of their bodies; grotesque swollen faces; torsos
covered with large blisters.”
“As in
Hiroshima, many in Nagasaki died after the immediate impact of the
bomb had gone away from mysterious ailments which we now associate
with radiation poisoning. No-one, understandably, knew what to do
to help the victims of this newest of illnesses.”
“In
1953, a report by the US Strategic Bombing Survey put the number of
deaths at 35,000, wounded at 60,000 and 5,000 missing. In 1960, the
Japanese put the number of dead at Nagasaki at 20,000 and the number
of wounded at 50,000. Later, the Nagasaki Prefectural Office put the
figure for deaths alone at 87,000 with 70% of the city's industrial
zone destroyed.”
Related:
"Scientists at Los Alamos were also intrigued as to which type of bomb was the better - a uranium or plutonium based bomb."
ReplyDeleteThen hide from the American public the results lest we develop a guilty conscience.
Interesting, articulate essay re: the U.S. testing and demonstrating its nuclear weapons of mass destruction. Cheers.